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survey township
Survey township, sometimes called Congressional township, as used by the United States Public Land Survey System, refers to a square unit of land, that is nominally six (U.S. Survey) miles (~9.7 km) on a side. Each 36-square-mile (~93 km2) township is divided into 36 one-square-mile (~2.6 km2) sections, that can be further subdivided for sale, and each section covers exactly . The townships are referenced by a numbering system that locates the township in relation to a meridian (north-south) and a base line (east-west). Townships were originally surveyed and platted by the US General Land Office using contracted private survey crews and are marked on the U.S. Geological Survey topographic maps.
== History ==
Prior to standardization, some of the Ohio Lands were surveyed into townships of on each side. These are often known as Congressional Townships.〔A History of the Rectangular Survey System by C. Albert White, 1983, Pub: Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management : For sale by Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O.,〕〔http://www.blm.gov/wo/st/en/prog/more/cadastralsurvey/cadastral_history.html〕
Sections are divided into quarter-sections of each and quarter-quarter sections of each. In the Homestead Act of 1862, one quarter-section of land was the amount allocated to each settler. Stemming from this are the idiomatic expressions, "the lower 40", which is the 40 acres on a settler's land that is lowest in elevation, in the direction towards which water drains toward a stream, and the "back forty", the portion farthest from the settler's dwelling.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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